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This article investigates the relationship between UEFA, as European football's governing body, and the EU. It assesses the evolution of UEFA as a football governing body since the Bosman ruling (1995) until current initiatives such as the rules on locally-trained players (2005-2006). The paper traces the evolution of UEFA's reactions to the increasing involvement of EU institutions in football matters, with special focus on the regulation of the players' market. It is argued that UEFA's attitude towards the EU has changed in the last ten years. Whilst the EU was seen as a threat for UEFA in 1995, it is now considered a 'long term strategic partner'. Two main reasons can be identified for UEFA's evolution. First and foremost, UEFA has been forced to accept the primacy of European law and its application to the activities of football organisations. UEFA has had no option but to adapt to the impact of European law and policies on its activities. This has lead to a relationship of 'supervised' autonomy between UEFA and the EU institutions. Second, UEFA's strategic vision to preserve its own position within the governance structures of football. UEFA has tried to enhance its legitimacy within football's governing structures by engaging in policy co-operation with EU authorities. This paper draws almost entirely on empirical research conducted through elite interviews and the review of official documents.

This contribution reviews the ongoing debates on the role of European public authorities in the governance of sport, focusing on the recently published Independent European Sport Review, an initiative of British sports minister Richard Caborn during the 2005 UK Presidency of the EU. Former Portuguese Presidency minister, José Luis Arnaut, was charged with the task of carrying a review of the current state of European football in the aftermath of major corruption scandals in Germany, Belgium and Italy. With the support of UEFA, FIFA and the European sports ministers, Arnaut delivered his report last May, claiming that, despite being focused on football, it presents a template to improve the governance standards of sport in Europe, define the role the EU has to play and to preserve the so-called European Sports Model. The Independent European Sports Review is now featuring heavily in the consultation process conducting to the forthcoming European Commission White Paper on Sport.

The Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences and the Chester Centre for Research into Sport and Society at the University of Chester hosted the second annual workshop of the Association for the Study of Sport and the European Union (Sport&EU) entitled 'The EU and the governance of sport: policy and perspectives'. The event was organised and sponsored jointly by the Centre for the Study of International Governance (CSIG) at Loughborough University, Sport&EU and the University of Chester.

This paper presents the origins and development of the EU's involvement in sport through the examination of the landmark decisions that have shaped its approach over time. The initiation and development of that policy can be considered an example of 'task expansion', in which the EU has extended the scope of its activities as a consequence of actors instrumentalising institutional venues to their own benefit. It draws on concepts from agenda-setting to argue that the initial insertion of sport in the EU's systemic agenda can be explained by the commercialisation of sport in the 1980s and 1990s. However, actor centered agenda-setting models may be more suitable to explore the consideration of sport in the institutional agenda after the 1995 Bosman case. Two routes of agenda-setting are identified: the high politics route and the low politics route. At first, sports policy was just regulatory in nature, being introduced through the low politics route. The response to the Bosman case from actors both outside and within the system (mainly sports federations and European Council) moved the issue to the high politics route, focusing more on the socio-cultural and educational particularities of sport.

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los estudios arqueológicos e históricos realizados en el Castell del Boi con motivo de la redacción de un Plan Especial de Protección por parte del ayuntamiento de Vistabella del Maestrat. Estudios que han constatado que dicha fortificación se erigió en un momento aún por determinar entre los siglos XI y XII, finalizando sus ocupaciones en los inicios del siglo XV, si bien el lugar también parece haber estado habitado durante la Edad del Hierro. La observación de la superficie y de la cartografía generada ha permitido diferenciar tres espacios o sectores cuya función podría estar relacionada con el modelo de las fortificaciones tripartitas andalusíes: poblado, albacara y alcazaba. El estudio de la documentación histórica ha permitido vincular la fortificación con la Corona de Aragón tras su conquista, si bien en 1405 pasa a formar parte del término de Vistabella, en posesión de la orden de Santa María de Montesa. ; The results obtained from the archaeological and historical studies carried out in Castell del Boi are presented on the frame of a Special Protection Plan by the Vistabella del Maestrat town hall. It has been found that this fortification was erected at a time yet to be determined between the 11th and 12th centuries, and it was occupied until the early 15th century. Moreover, the place also seems to have been inhabited during the Iron Age. Observation of the surface and the cartography generated has allowed us to differentiate three spaces or sectors whose function could be related to the model of the Andalusian tripartite fortifications: town, albacara and citadel. The study of the historical documentation has made it possible to link the fortification with the Crown of Aragon after its conquest, although in 1405 it became part of the town of Vistabella, owned by the military order of Santa María de Montesa.

This article presents a quantitative typology of football fans' attitudes towards governance. Data collection is done through an online survey in six European countries: France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Results reveal the existence of five types of supporters: club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists. The critics, moderns and globalists fans share a preoccupation for football governance problems but differ in the intensity of their views. At the same time, critics and globalists are heavy consumers of football games and merchandise. The results suggest that existing fan typologies that understand supporters in dichotomic terms of authenticity or consumerism fail to explain the complex reality of a game that has developed new structures over recent decades. Existing typologies need to be superseded in favour of a more multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a governance turn to inform a more nuanced and better understanding of football's social reality.

AbstractThe effectiveness of the European Union (EU) as global regulator is controversial. Some scholars characterize the EU as one of the most important shapers of global regulations; others argue that the EU's effectiveness critically depends on its regulatory cohesion, the political opportunity structure and regulatory capacity of its interlocutors. Since global sport represents a regionally segmented industry and is governed by private actors of diverse regulatory capacity, global sport regulation represents an excellent domain to study these propositions systematically. Comparative case studies on global sport regulation support the idea that the EU can impose its regulatory ambitions on sport governing due to market size and regulatory capacity. However, the broader political opportunity structure is found to be relevant and the EU does not appear as a strong regulator of global sports.

Scholars have engaged in discussions over whether the rise of transnational private authority is beneficial or undermines public legitimate authority. While the recent focus on civil regulation has emphasized the key role of public authorities and civil societies in such arrangements, the case of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) provides strong evidence that global policies can be formulated and administered by completely private institutions relying on strong enforcement mechanisms and able to confront public authorities. FIFA's power results from its control of market access to global football, which represents a vital 'club good' for national football industries. Therefore, FIFA is able to force European Union member states to deviate from national paths of sport regulation. Without orchestrating their efforts, public authorities are unlikely to succeed in challenging FIFA's power. Although the recent corruption scandals might force FIFA to implement some reforms, FIFA has a vital interest in protecting its regulatory powers.

[EN] The Castell Vell of Castelló (Castelló's Old Castle) is an andalusian structure located at the top on a hill, placed on northern region of La Plana, in the land of Castellón. It's organized on three interconnected platforms, as many andalusians castles: alcazaba, albacara and the village itself. With 1,1 hectares surface, it follows the pattern of "castle associated with a rural habitat" according the Bazzana's classification. Its conservation status advises a series of interventions, the last one dated in 2018. Defensive structures have, in general, a high homogeneity in terms of construction techniques, but different moments and build phases can be identified. Its configuration is not uncommon in the almohad military structures of the Iberian land that can be dated between the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries. The presentation at this congress of this heritage piece and the description of the last intervention made is the objective of this study. ; Prior Y Llombart, J.; García Borja, P.; Palmer Broch, J.; Font Mezquita, F. (2020). El Castell Vell de Castelló o el paradigma de la ocupación antrópica del territorio de La Plana hasta el siglo XIII. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 171-180. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11372 ; OCS ; 171 ; 180